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The history of computer operating systems recapitulates to a degree, the recent history of computing. Operating systems provide a set of functions needed and used by most applications, and provide the necessary linkages to control a computer's hardware. Without an operating system, each program would have to have drivers for your video card, sound card, hard drive, and other peripherals. Business - List of business/finance/loan/mortgage resources Computers - List of computer hardware/software/peripheral resources Internet - List of webhosting/webdesign/internet marketing resources Software - List of software resources Web Design - List of web design/development resources Web Hosting - List of web hosting resources Web Promotion - List of search engine optimization/internet marketing resources Web Resources - List of other web resources Recreation - List of travel/hotel/cruise resources Casino - List of online gambling/poker/blackjack/roulette resources Health - List of online pharmacy/hospital/health resources Shopping - List of online shopping/gift resources Miscellaneous - List of all other resources not stated above
Early computers lacked any form of operating system. The user had sole use of the machine; he or she would arrive at the machine armed with his or her program and data, often on punched paper tape. The program would be loaded into the machine, and the machine set to work, until the program stopped, or maybe more likely, crashed. Programs could generally be debugged via a front panel using switches and lights; it is said that Alan Turing was a master of this on the early Manchester Mark I machine. |
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